Chords theory
Chords are combinations of notes played together. Usually formed by 3 notes, they can be extended to 4 notes, and can be inverted up to two times.
Chords types with 3 notes
Chords composed of three notes are formed by a root, a third and a fifth.
As detailed in the interval theory section, the third can be minor (m) or major (M), and the fifth can be diminished (d), perfect (p) or augmented (a).
Here is the detail of the formation of four main three-note chords:
- Diminished: 3m + 3m = 5d
- Minor: 3m + 3M = 5p
- Major: 3M + 3m = 5p
- Augmented: 3M + 3M = 5a
Inversions types
Inversions are typically applied to minor and major chords.
In the case of a first inversion, the third is in the bass, whereas in the case of a second inversion, the fifth is in the bass. The total interval can be a sixth minor (m) or major (M).
Applied to a major chord, this yields:
- Root Position: 3M + 3m = 5p
- First Inversion: 3m + 4p = 6m
- Second Inversion: 4p + 3M = 6M
And in the case of a minor chord, this gives:
- Root Position: 3m + 3M = 5p
- First Inversion: 3M + 4p = 6M
- Second Inversion: 4p + 3m = 6m
Chords types with 4 notes
Chords composed of four notes are formed by a root, a third and a fifth and a seventh.
The latter can minor (m) or major (M).
Here is the detail of the formation of two main four-note chords:
- Diminished: 3m + 3m + 3m = 7d
- Dominant: 3M + 3m + 3m = 7m
